HTML full Contants
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• HTML is a language for describing web
pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language,
it is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup
tags
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create
document on the World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a browser
on Internet.
• It is a platform independent language that can
be used on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To
display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different elements
(heading, paragraphs, tables and so on ) of the document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up
document use has to be open the document in browser. A browser understands and
interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure of the document (which part
are which) and makes decision about presentation (how the parts look) of the
document.
HTML
also provides tags to make the document look attractive using graphics, font
size and colours. User can make a link to the other document or the different
section of the same document by creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• create, save, and view a HTML
document
• format a web page using section heading tags
• describe Ordered and Unordered lists
• explain graphics in HTML document
• Describe hypertext links and making text/image
link.
WORLD WIDE WEB
•
The World Wide Web (abbreviated
as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the
Web)is a system of interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web
pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them via hyperlinks.
TOOLS HTML
• There are two tools of HTML.
a)
HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to create and save HTML documents.
They fall into two categories:
-
Text based or code based which allows one to see the HTML code as one is
creating a document.e.g., Notepad.
-
Netscape composer
b)
Web Browser: it is the program that one uses to view and test the HTML documents.
They translate Html encoded files into text,image, sounds and other features
user see. Microsoft Internet Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are examples of
browsers that enables user to view text and images and many more other World
Wide Web features.They are software that must be installed on user computer.
HTML TERMINOLOGY
• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
a)
Tag: Tags are always written within
angles brackets. it is a piece of text is used to identify an element so that
the browser realizes how to display its contents.e.g.,<HTML> tag
indicates the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be two types. They are: -
• Paired Tags:A tag is said to be a
paired tag if text is placed between a tag and its companion’s tag. In paired
tag the first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is referred
to as closing tag.
• Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does
not have a companion tag. unpaired tag also known as singular or Stand-Alone
tags. e.g.:<br>, <hr> etc.
b) Attribute:Attribute
is the property ofatag that specified in the opening angle brackets. It
supplies additional information like colour,size,home font-style etc to the
browser about a tag. E.g., most of the common attributes are height, colour,
width, structure, border, align etc.
c) DTD: Document
Type Definition is a collection of rules written in standard Generalized Markup
Language(SGML).HTML is defined in terms of its DTDS. All the details of HTML
tags, entities and related document structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT:
Element is the component of a document’s structure such as a title, a paragraph
or a list. It can include an opening and a closing tag and the contents within
it.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• The essential tags that are required
to create a HTML document are:
• <HTML>.............</HTML>
• <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
• <BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML Tag <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all
other HTML tags and associated text within your document. It is an optional
tag. You can create an HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser
can still read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the
start and stop tags.The format is:
• <HTML>
Your
Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
• </HTML>
• Most HTML tags have two parts, an
opening tag and closing tag. The closing tag is the same as the opening tag,
except for the slash
mark
e.g., </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.
An HTML document has two distinct
parts HEAD and BODY
• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>
HEAD
Tag <HEAD>
• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start
tag. It contains TITLE tag to give the document a title that displays on the
browsers title bar at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your
title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY
Tag <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text
and graphics of the document with all the HTML tags that are used for control
and formatting of the page. The Format is:
<BODY>
Your
Document goes here
</BODY>
An
HTML document, web page be created using a text editor, Notepad, or WordPad.
All the HTML documents should have the extension .html or html. It requires a
web browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view
the document.
Attributes used with <BODY>
• BGCOLOR: used to set the background
colour for the document Example:
<BODY
BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your
document text goes here.
</BODY>
• TEXT:
used to set the colour of the text of the document Example:
<BODY
TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML: 77
Document
text changed to red colour
</BODY>
Document
text changed to red colour
• MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the
document LEFTMARGIN: set the left-hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY
LEFTMARGIN="60">
This
document is indented 60 pixels from the left-hand side
of
the page.
</BODY>
• TOPMARGIN: set the left-hand margin of the
document Example:
<BODY
TOPMARGIN="60">
This
document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
• BACKGROUND:
It is used to point to an image file (the files with an extension, gif,
jpg) that will be used as the background of the document. The image file will
be tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY
BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your
document text goes here
</BODY>
Follow the steps to create and view
in browser
• Step-1: open through text editor
notepad (click on start→ all programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My
first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME
TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
SAVING AND VIEWING A H T M L DOCUMENT
• Step-3: Save the file as
myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save As give File name: myfirstpage.html-choose
save as type: All Files-click save)
• Step-4: Viewing document in web
browser (open Internet Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click on.
TEXT
TAGS
• Text tag are dividing into two
categories as:
-Character-level tags and attributes which
applies to formatting of individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which
apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
Character
Formatting Tag
• The character formatting tags are
used to specify how a particular text should be displayed on the screen to
distinguish certain characters within the document.
The most common character formatting
tags are
• Boldface <B>: displays text in
BOLD
Example:
Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output:
Welcome to the Internet World
• Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example:
Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output:
Welcome to the Internet World
• Subscript <SUB>: displays text in
Subscript
• Superscript <SUP>: displays text in
Superscript
• Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller
font as compared to normal font
• Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font
as compared to normal font
• Underline<U>specifies that the
enclosed text be underline
Example:
<U> hello</u>
Output:
hello
Font
Colorisant Size:<FONT>
• By using <FONT> Tag one can
specify the colour, size of the text. Example:
<FONT>
Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes
of <FONT> are:
-
COLOR: Sets the colour of the text that will appear on the screen. It can be
set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal format), or by
name. Example: <FONT COLOR="RED"> your text goes here
</FONT>
•
SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1
and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set
relative to default size
For example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer
value and it will add with the default size.
• Example:
<FONT
SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it
is installed on the user’s machine.
• Example:
<FONT
FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in Arial</FONT>
An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use
of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML>
<<H1><I>
Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT
COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network
of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
Welcome
to the world of Internet
It
is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG
• This tag is used text horizontally
across the screen. it is mainly used to deliver a specific message to the
visitor or to scroll Ads on a page.
Example:
<marquee> hello world></marquee>
Attributes
of marquee tag
Background colour:
Sets the background colour of the marquee.
• Direction: sets the direction of the marquee box to either
left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee
should be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one loop.
Paragraph Formatting Tag
• Paragraph level formatting applies to
formatting of an entire portion of text unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are formatted.
The
most common paragraph formatting tags are
• Using paragraph tag: <P>
This
tag< P >indicates a paragraph, used to separate two paragraphs with a
blank line.
• Example:
<P>
Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P>
First paragraph Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
• Output:
Welcome
to the world of HTML
First
paragraph Text of First paragraph goes her
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>
• The empty tag <BR> is used,
where the text needs to start from a new line and not continue the same line.
To get every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line break.
• Example:
<BODY>National
Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B,
Calipash Colony <BR>
New
Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National
Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B,
Calipash Colony
New
Delhi-11004
Using
Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it
requires total control over spacing and line breaks such as typing a poem.
Browser preserves your space and line break in the text written inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
National
Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailas Colony
New
Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
National
Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailas Colony
New
Delhi-11004
An HTML document control.html shows
the use of
<P>,<BR>
and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use
of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML
Tutorial
<P>
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It
is used for creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
An HTML document control.html shows
the use of <P>,<BR> and <PRE>
</P>
<P>
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language. <BR>
It
is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR> and easy to learn. <BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It
is used for creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HTML Tutorial
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for creating web page. It is
very simple and easy to learn.
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It
is used for creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML
stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It
is used for creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically
used to draw lines and horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two
sections of text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your
horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The
rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your
horizontal rule goes here.
The
rest of the text goes her
<HR> accepts following
attributes
• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the
horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel value.
Example:
<HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR
in pixels, or a relative width as percentage of the document width.
Example:
<HR WIDTH="50 %">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the
page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT,
RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this
attribute is used; it specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded
at all.
• COLOR: Set the colour of the Horizontal rule.
Example:
<HR COLOR="BLUE “>
Example
of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR
ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3” NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE
“>
HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>tags
HTML
has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify
section headings. Text with header tags is displayed in larger and bolder fonts
than the normal body text by a web browser. Every header leaves a blank line
above and below it when displayed in browse.
Example:
An HTML document, headings .html shows the different section headings
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section
Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>
this is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2>
this is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3>
this is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4>
this is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5>
this is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6>
this is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse
This
is Section Heading 1
This
is Section Heading 2
This
is Section Heading 3
This
is Section Heading 4
This
is Section Heading 5
This
is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• There are certain special characters
that can be used while creating document. Following is some special character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® ©, ®
¼, ½, ¾ ¼, ½, ¾
÷, <, >, ≤,≥÷, &lit, &get,
&le, &go&&
&Spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special characters must be ended
with a semicolon;
Example:
<PRE>
The
copyright symbol is: ©
The
registered rank is: ®
</PRE>
• Output:
The copyright symbol is: ©
The
registered rank is: ®
SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too
flexible will not comply with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if
not all browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost
every website, if not all websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is
increasingly used for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
Easy
to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
• It cannot produce dynamic output
alone, since it is a static language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML
documents is hard to grasp
• You must keep up with deprecated
tags, and make sure not to use them
• Deprecated tags appear because another
language that works with HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus,
the other language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are
limited.
Examples: To learn html course. I have created some more pages which one represented by me and I also CSS concept to create a beautiful sheet. With the help of html &CSSI have created some pages. Created pages are below diagram.
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